2 “ Introduction ” to Filosofia e matematica

Mathematics has long been a preferential subject of reflection for philosophers, inspiring them since antiquity in developing their theories of knowledge and their metaphysical doctrines. Given the close connection between philosophy and mathematics, it is hardly surprising that some major philosophers, such as Descartes, Leibniz, Pascal and Lambert, have also been major mathematicians. In the history of philosophy the reflection on mathematics has taken several forms. Since it is impossible to deal with all of them in a single volume, in this book I will present what seems to me the most satisfactory form today. My own view, however, differs considerably from the dominant view, and on a number of accounts.